An yi amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki don lura da karyewar gajiya da kuma nazarin tsarin karyewar; a lokaci guda, an gudanar da gwajin gajiya mai lanƙwasawa a kan samfuran da aka cire a yanayin zafi daban-daban don kwatanta rayuwar gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji tare da da kuma ba tare da cirewa ba, da kuma nazarin tasirin cirewa akan aikin gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa, saboda wanzuwar oxidation da decarburization a lokaci guda a cikin tsarin dumama, hulɗar da ke tsakanin su biyun, wanda ya haifar da kauri na cikakken Layer da aka cire tare da haɓakar zafin jiki yana nuna yanayin ƙaruwa da raguwa, kauri na cikakken Layer da aka cire ya kai matsakaicin ƙimar 120 μm a 750 ℃, kuma kauri na cikakken Layer da aka cire ya kai mafi ƙarancin ƙimar 20 μm a 850 ℃, kuma iyakar gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji shine kusan 760 MPa, kuma tushen fashewar gajiya a cikin ƙarfen gwaji galibi shine abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba na Al2O3; Halayyar cire carburization tana rage tsawon lokacin gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji sosai, wanda hakan ke shafar aikin gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji, kauri layin cire carburization, ƙarancin tsawon lokacin gajiyar. Domin rage tasirin layin cire carburization akan aikin gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji, ya kamata a saita zafin zafin zafi mafi kyau na ƙarfen gwaji a 850℃.
Gear wani muhimmin sashi ne na motar,saboda aikin da ake yi a babban gudu, ɓangaren haɗin gear dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙarfi da juriya ga gogewa, kuma tushen haƙori dole ne ya sami aiki mai kyau na lanƙwasa gajiya saboda yawan lodi da ake yi akai-akai, domin guje wa tsagewa da ke haifar da karyewar abu. Bincike ya nuna cewa lanƙwasawa muhimmin abu ne da ke shafar lanƙwasawa ta juyawa aikin gajiyar kayan ƙarfe, kuma lanƙwasawa ta juyawa aikin gajiya muhimmin alama ne na ingancin samfur, don haka ya zama dole a yi nazarin ɗabi'ar lanƙwasawa da lanƙwasawa ta juyawa aikin gajiyar kayan gwaji.
A cikin wannan takarda, tanderun maganin zafi akan gwajin cire ƙarfe na gear 20CrMnTi, yana nazarin yanayin zafi daban-daban akan zurfin layin cire ƙarfe na gwajin dokar canzawa; ta amfani da injin gwajin gajiya mai sauƙi na QBWP-6000J akan gwajin gajiya mai juyawa na ƙarfe, ƙayyade aikin gajiya na ƙarfe na gwaji, kuma a lokaci guda don nazarin tasirin cire ƙarfe akan aikin gajiya na ƙarfe na gwaji don ainihin samarwa don inganta tsarin samarwa, haɓaka ingancin samfura da samar da ma'ana mai ma'ana. Ana ƙayyade aikin gajiya na ƙarfe na gwaji ta hanyar injin gwajin gajiya mai lanƙwasawa.
1. Kayan gwaji da hanyoyin
Kayan gwaji don na'urar da za ta samar da ƙarfe mai nauyin 20CrMnTi, babban sinadarin sinadarai kamar yadda aka nuna a Tebur 1. Gwajin cirewa: ana sarrafa kayan gwajin zuwa samfurin silinda na Ф8 mm × 12 mm, saman ya kamata ya yi haske ba tare da tabo ba. An dumama tanderun maganin zafi zuwa 675 ℃, 700 ℃, 725 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1,000 ℃, a cikin samfurin kuma a riƙe na awa 1, sannan a sanyaya shi zuwa zafin ɗaki. Bayan maganin zafi na samfurin ta hanyar saitawa, niƙa da gogewa, tare da kashi 4% na lalacewar ruwan barasa na nitric acid, amfani da na'urar microscopy ta ƙarfe don lura da gwajin layin cirewa na ƙarfe, auna zurfin layin cirewa a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Gwajin gajiya mai lanƙwasawa ta juyawa: kayan gwaji bisa ga buƙatun sarrafa ƙungiyoyi biyu na samfuran gajiya mai lanƙwasawa ta juyawa, rukuni na farko ba ya yin gwajin decarburization, rukuni na biyu na gwajin decarburization a yanayin zafi daban-daban. Ta amfani da injin gwajin gajiya mai lanƙwasawa ta juyawa, ƙungiyoyi biyu na ƙarfe na gwaji don gwajin gajiya mai lanƙwasawa ta juyawa, ƙayyade iyakar gajiya na ƙungiyoyi biyu na ƙarfe na gwaji, kwatanta rayuwar gajiya na ƙungiyoyi biyu na ƙarfe na gwaji, amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki mai duba raunin karyewa, bincika dalilan karyewar samfurin, don bincika tasirin cirewar halayen gajiya na ƙarfe na gwaji.
Tebur 1 Haɗin sinadarai (ƙashi mai yawa) na ƙarfen gwaji wt%
Tasirin zafin jiki na dumama akan cirewar carbon
An nuna yanayin tsarin rarrabawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi daban-daban a cikin Hoto na 1. Kamar yadda aka gani daga hoton, lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai 675 ℃, saman samfurin ba ya bayyana layin rarrabawa; lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai 700 ℃, layin rarrabawa saman samfurin ya fara bayyana, don layin rarrabawa na ferrite mai sirara; tare da zafin jiki ya kai 725 ℃, kauri layin rarrabawa saman samfurin ya ƙaru sosai; kauri layin rarrabawa na 750 ℃ ya kai matsakaicin ƙimarsa, a wannan lokacin, ƙwayar ferrite ta fi bayyana, mai kauri; lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai 800 ℃, kauri layin rarrabawa ya fara raguwa sosai, kauri ya faɗi zuwa rabin 750 ℃; lokacin da zafin jiki ya ci gaba da tashi zuwa 850 ℃ kuma an nuna kauri na rarrabawa a cikin Hoto na 1. 800 ℃, cikakken kauri layin rarrabawa ya fara raguwa sosai, kauri ya faɗi zuwa 750 ℃ lokacin da rabi; Lokacin da zafin jiki ya ci gaba da hauhawa zuwa 850 ℃ zuwa sama, kauri na Layer ɗin decarburization na ƙarfe na gwaji ya ci gaba da raguwa, kauri na Layer ɗin decarburization ya fara ƙaruwa a hankali har sai cikakken Layer ɗin decarburization ya ɓace, yanayin Layer ɗin decarburization na rabin ya bayyana a hankali. Ana iya ganin cewa kauri na Layer ɗin decarburized gaba ɗaya tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki an fara ƙaruwa sannan aka rage shi, dalilin wannan lamari ya faru ne saboda samfurin da ke cikin tsarin dumama a lokaci guda yanayin oxidation da decarburization, kawai lokacin da ƙimar decarburization ta fi sauri fiye da saurin oxidation zai bayyana abin da ke faruwa na decarburization. A farkon dumama, kauri na Layer ɗin decarburized gaba ɗaya yana ƙaruwa a hankali tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki har sai kauri na Layer ɗin decarburized gaba ɗaya ya kai matsakaicin ƙima, a wannan lokacin don ci gaba da ɗaga zafin jiki, ƙimar oxidation na samfurin ya fi sauri fiye da ƙimar decarburization, wanda ke hana ƙaruwar Layer ɗin decarburized gaba ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da yanayin ƙasa. Ana iya ganin cewa, a cikin kewayon 675 ～950 ℃, ƙimar kauri na cikakken Layer ɗin da aka cire carburetion a 750 ℃ ita ce mafi girma, kuma ƙimar kauri na cikakken Layer ɗin da aka cire carburetion a 850 ℃ ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta, saboda haka, ana ba da shawarar zafin zafi na ƙarfen gwaji ya zama 850 ℃.
Hoto na 1. Tarihin yanayin ƙarfen gwaji da aka cire daga ƙarfen da aka riƙe a yanayin zafi daban-daban na awa 1.
Idan aka kwatanta da Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon, kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon gaba ɗaya yana da mummunan tasiri ga halayen kayan, zai rage halayen injina na kayan sosai, kamar rage ƙarfi, tauri, juriyar lalacewa da ƙarancin gajiya, da sauransu, da kuma ƙara yawan jin daɗin fasa, yana shafar ingancin walda da sauransu. Saboda haka, sarrafa kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon gaba ɗaya yana da matuƙar mahimmanci don inganta aikin samfur. Hoto na 2 yana nuna lanƙwasa bambancin kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon gaba ɗaya tare da zafin jiki, wanda ke nuna bambancin kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire carburi sosai a sarari. Ana iya gani daga hoton cewa kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon gaba ɗaya yana kusan 34μm ne kawai a 700℃; tare da zafin jiki yana tashi zuwa 725 ℃, kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon gaba ɗaya yana ƙaruwa sosai zuwa 86 μm, wanda ya fi sau biyu na kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon gaba ɗaya a 700 ℃; Idan aka ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa 750 ℃, kauri na cikakken Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 750 ℃, kauri na cikakken Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon ya kai matsakaicin ƙimar 120 μm; yayin da zafin jiki ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kauri na cikakken Layer ɗin da aka cire carbon ya fara raguwa sosai, zuwa 70 μm a 800 ℃, sannan zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙimar kusan 20 μm a 850 ℃.
Hoto na 2 Kauri na cikakken cirewar carbureted Layer a yanayin zafi daban-daban
Tasirin decarburization akan aikin gajiya a lanƙwasa juyi
Domin yin nazarin tasirin cire ƙarfe daga ... itace daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga itace daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga itace daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga itace daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga itace daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga ƙarfe daga
An nuna tsawon lokacin gajiya na rukunin farko na samfuran a cikin Jadawali na 2. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga Jadawali na 2, ba tare da cire carburetion ba, an yi wa ƙarfen gwaji zagaye 107 kawai a 810 MPa, kuma babu wani karyewa da ya faru; lokacin da matakin damuwa ya wuce 830 MPa, wasu daga cikin samfuran suka fara karyewa; lokacin da matakin damuwa ya wuce 850 MPa, samfuran gajiya duk sun karye.
Tebur 2 Rayuwar gajiya a ƙarƙashin matakan damuwa daban-daban (ba tare da cire carburetion ba)
Domin tantance iyakar gajiya, ana amfani da hanyar rukuni don tantance iyakar gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji, kuma bayan nazarin ƙididdiga na bayanai, iyakar gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji shine kusan 760 MPa; don kwatanta tsawon gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daban-daban, an zana layin SN, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3. Kamar yadda aka gani daga Hoto na 3, matakan damuwa daban-daban sun dace da rayuwar gajiya daban-daban, lokacin da rayuwar gajiya ta 7, daidai da adadin zagayowar 107, wanda ke nufin cewa samfurin a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi yana ta hanyar yanayin, ana iya kimanta ƙimar damuwa mai dacewa kamar ƙimar ƙarfin gajiya, wato, 760 MPa. Ana iya ganin cewa layin S - N yana da mahimmanci don tantance tsawon gajiyar kayan yana da ƙimar tunani mai mahimmanci.
Hoto na 3 Lanƙwasa SN na gwajin gajiya mai lanƙwasa ƙarfe na gwaji
An nuna tsawon lokacin gajiya na rukuni na biyu na samfura a cikin Jadawali na 3. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga Jadawali na 3, bayan an cire ƙarfen gwaji a yanayin zafi daban-daban, a bayyane yake cewa adadin zagayowar ya ragu, kuma sun fi 107, kuma duk samfuran gajiya sun karye, kuma tsawon lokacin gajiya ya ragu sosai. Idan aka haɗa shi da kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire daga sama tare da lanƙwasa canjin zafin jiki, za a iya ganin kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire daga sama 750 ℃ shine mafi girma, wanda ya yi daidai da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar rayuwar gajiya. Kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire daga baya 850 ℃ shine mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙimar rayuwar gajiya yana da girma sosai. Ana iya ganin cewa ɗabi'ar decarburization tana rage aikin gajiya na kayan sosai, kuma kauri na Layer ɗin da aka cire daga baya, ƙarancin tsawon lokacin gajiya.
Tebur 3 Rayuwar gajiya a yanayin zafi daban-daban na decarburization (560 MPa)
An lura da yanayin karyewar gajiya na samfurin ta hanyar duba na'urar hangen nesa ta lantarki, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 4. Hoto na 4(a) don yankin tushen karyewar, ana iya ganin siffar a bayyane ...
Binciken karyewar gajiya
Hoto na 4 Tsarin SEM na farfajiyar karyewar gajiya na ƙarfe na gwaji
Domin tantance nau'in abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin Hoto na 4, an gudanar da nazarin abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, kuma an nuna sakamakon a cikin Hoto na 5. Ana iya ganin cewa abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba galibi abubuwan da aka haɗa sune abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin Al2O3, wanda ke nuna cewa abubuwan da aka haɗa sune babban tushen fashewar da fashewar abubuwan da aka haɗa ke haifarwa.
Hoto na 5: Tsarin Gwaji na Makamashi na Abubuwan da Ba na ƙarfe ba
Kammalawa
(1) Sanya zafin dumama a 850 ℃ zai rage kauri na layin da aka cire daga carbon domin rage tasirin da ke kan aikin gajiya.
(2) Iyakar gajiyar lanƙwasa ƙarfen gwaji shine 760 MPa.
(3) Gwajin fashewar ƙarfe a cikin abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba, galibi cakuda Al2O3.
(4) cire ƙarfe yana rage tsawon lokacin gajiyar ƙarfen gwaji sosai, kauri layin cire ƙarfe yana raguwar tsawon lokacin gajiya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-21-2024
